Seven product guides, each covering the specific regime, the tests, the costs and the traps; and one table that puts them side by side. The GPSR is the common layer for non-food consumer goods, but two of these seven categories do not run on it at all: cosmetics have their own Responsible Person under Regulation 1223/2009, and food supplements are food, which the GPSR expressly excludes.
Directive 2009/48/EC, EN 71 testing, and Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 from 2030.
LVD, EMC, RED, RoHS, WEEE, batteries, USB-C, and the Cyber Resilience Act.
Regulation 1223/2009: own Responsible Person, CPNP, Product Information File, the annexes.
Food law: notification per member state, novel foods, claims, border controls. No GPSR.
MDR 2017/745 and IVDR 2017/746: notified body, authorised representative, UDI, EUDAMED.
GPSR, EUDR for the wood, formaldehyde at 0.062 mg/m³ under REACH entry 77.
Fibre labelling, REACH entries 43, 72 and 79, textile EPR across the EU, forced labour.
What each regime actually asks of an importer. Every figure is the observed market range from the category page behind it, not a quotation.
| Category | CE marking | Who must be established in the EU | Test or standard | Registration or notification | First-product budget |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toys | Yes; Directive 2009/48/EC | GPSR economic operator; optional authorised representative | EN 71 parts; EN IEC 62115 for electric toys | None EU-wide; battery and packaging EPR per country | €1,500–3,000 |
| Electronics | Yes; LVD, EMC, RED, RoHS | GPSR economic operator; Art. 4 operator under 2019/1020 | EN 55032 and EN 55035 (EMC); EN 18031 (radio cybersecurity) | WEEE and battery producer registration per member state | €3,000–8,000 |
| Cosmetics | No CE marking | Responsible Person under 1223/2009 Art. 4, named on the label | Cosmetic product safety report (Annex I); GMP to EN ISO 22716 | CPNP notification per product, before placing on the market | €2,000–5,000 |
| Food supplements | No CE marking | Food business operator under 178/2002; no GPSR role | No general test; novel food status per ingredient | National notification per member state; CHED-D where 2019/1793 applies | €300–1,000 per label, plus national fees |
| Medical devices | Yes; MDR or IVDR | Authorised representative under MDR/IVDR Art. 11; PRRC | ISO 13485 quality system; clinical or performance evaluation | EUDAMED actor and device registration; UDI | €10,000 and up; six figures for class III |
| Furniture and wood | No CE marking | GPSR economic operator | REACH entry 77 chamber test; EN 12520, EN 14749 and related | EUDR due diligence statement; packaging EPR | €2,000–5,000 plus the EUDR data work |
| Clothing and textiles | No CE marking | GPSR economic operator | REACH entries 43, 72 and 79; EN 14682 for children's cords | Textile EPR per member state; packaging EPR | €1,500–3,000 |
“No CE marking” does not mean no rules; it means the conformity is not shown by a mark. In those categories an authority judges the product against the general safety requirement and the applicable standards instead.
These are the seven categories we have written up, not the whole of EU product law. If your product is one of the following, the regime is different and this site does not yet cover it in the same depth:
One rule cuts across every category above and every category below: Regulation (EU) 2024/3015 bans products made with forced labour from the EU market from 14 December 2027, whatever the sector or origin.
Selling from a specific country? Each country page covers the questions exporters from that country ask, and the matrix crosses them with these seven categories. Selling across categories? The questions hub collects the answers in the phrasing buyers use, and the compliance calendar has the dates.
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